It’s been indisputable for some time that English is becoming the ‘universal language’. As the number of living languages has steadily decreased, the use of English has expanded on every continent. And though English has not — despite predictions — crushed all other languages (German, Russian, and Spanish, to cite the prime examples, all remain strong), one language does seem to be undergoing the predicted cataclysmic collapse. English may not yet have won the globe, but French has definitely lost it.
The reasons for the decline of French are many, including geography. Francophone regions are spread out: think of France, Vietnam, Quebec, and Guadeloupe, to start. Many of these regions are without direct connections to other French-speaking countries. The result is that many of the people choose to abandon French for more useful languages within the region. In contrast, German, Russian and Spanish speakers are based in numerous adjacent countries, each supporting the others.
French has been most visibly hurt in the last few decades in Africa. In North Africa, French has had to compete with Arabic, a language which Arabs are now clinging to as proudly as the French have traditionally clung to French. South of the Sahara, countries which formerly had large French-speaking populations are making the switch to English due to its relevance in Southern Africa, as well as internationally.
In Algeria, after the Algerian War, French was mostly expunged. Its decline has continued, including the recent closure of French schools, as Arabic and English become the standard.
More dramatically, in Zaire, in 1997, fueled by anti-French sentiment, the French language was replaced with native languages. And in nearby Rwanda the president has pushed for the abandonment of French in favor of English. It is questionable whether any Africans will be speaking French in a few decades.
English, meanwhile, is becoming the most important Western language in Africa, replacing both French and Portuguese. An English derivative is the majority language of Sierra Leone, and remains an important language in South Africa, of course, as well as Nigeria, and various other smaller countries.
Former French-speaking colonies beyond Africa have been hostile to the French language. French has been collapsing even faster in Asia than it is in Africa, due to the isolation of French-speaking populations. In Vietnam, students have protested having to learn French, stressing the need to learn English instead. And in the Middle East, the Lebanese have been shucking off French in favor of English.
French has also seen a drastic decline in North America. In the U.S., between 1990 and 1995, college applicants for French class declined by twenty-four percent. In Canada, the number of French students enrolling in English classes is rising rapidly, while the overall percentage of French speakers across Canada is falling.
Across Europe, French has gradually declined from being the lingua franca to falling behind German and English. English is spoken by 41% of Europeans, while only 19% speak French. English is now the language of business in Europe, a fact which even French ambassador for international investment Clara Gaymard was forced to admit. And French has fallen so far behind in Eastern Europe, in particular, that it is the third-most studied language, behind English and Spanish.
While once the language of culture, French has been pushed off the global stage. Perhaps the most symbolic example of this was in 2008 when Sebastian Tiller, the French representative at the Eurovision contest, planned to sing ‘Divine’ almost exclusively in English. That the French singer did not choose to represent the jealously guarded language of his country internationally came as a shock to many. This cultural decline was mirrored when New York’s Metropolitan Opera decided to reject the libretto of the musical star Rufus Wainwright (who was raised in Canada), because he chose not to translate his opera into English.
The calamitous decline in French seems irreversible, even to the French. In 2008, the budget of La Francophonie, the governing body of the French language, was six million euros; in contrast, the British Council announced it would spend 150 million euros in efforts to advance English.
In any Darwinian model, a characteristic can become prominent, or it can be driven out of existence. Use of the French language has been globally dispersed, and French culture is without historical significance in many of its colonies. These are not the characteristics that increase a language’s chances of survival.
Photo by funtik.cat (Dasha Bondareva).
Gary Girod graduated Cum Laude from Chapman University in Spring, 2011 with a dual major in European History and French. His work includes creating historical collections for Chapman’s Leatherby Libraries. He is also analyzing unpublished primary materials which will be turned into a narrative-driven history of one business magnate’s life during the Industrial Revolution, for Paragon Publishing.
Comments
66 responses to “The Decline and Fall of the French Language?”
As a french speaking person, I agree with most of the article (and don’t care a bit that French is “declining”, that’s a nice pay back for centuries of cultural colonialism: Bretons, Basques, Corsicans…).
But as far as subsaharian Africa is concerned, I have one word : bullshit. What “Francophonie” loses in terms of speakers in Lebanon or Vietnam, it gains tenfold in Senegal or Guinée… demographics…
Of course you would have to actually GO to these countries to realize that, but French is very much alive in Africa… Rwanda is always mentioned as an example of french decline : that’s 11 million inhabitants. The “switch” to english will take decades… and they still will have to deal with a huge french speaking Rwandese diaspora in France and Belgium. Same case for Congo.
So wondering if Africa will even speak any French in a few decades sounds a bit like “oh my god the US will only speak Spanish if we let all these migrants come steal our jobs” 🙂
One other interesting point is “what kind of French” and “what kind of English” are spoken in Africa. As a native French speaker, I understand without any effort a French speaking person from Senegal, Togo, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Burundi, Rwanda (etc, etc, etc). Same grammar, small lexical differences (local languages borrowings, specific expressions) that can be easily overcome. On the contrary (and English speaking colleagues agree) understanding a Ghanaian in English can be tricky, but you get used to it. Understanding a Nigerian is a bit harder, but you can survive. Understanding a Sierra-leonese or a Gambian is a real, real challenge. It’s more of a “creole” or “pidgin” as you say, and supposedly English-speaking from different countries have difficulties communicating with eachother… whereas French is very much the lingua franca between ex French and Belgian Colonies…
I concur with Nevenoe. I’m an American who can hold his own in French – my experience in Rwanda and Congo, as well as speaking with immigrants to the US from former French colonies, is that most are much more comfortable speaking to me in French than in English. The fact is that French acts as a common denominator in Africa where countries like Congo speak multiple regional languages like Kikongo, Lingala, Kiswahili, Kinyarwanda, etc. Unlike Vietnam, Algeria, Lebanon, etc, it’s rare that there is a single unifying language like Vietnamese or Arabic to replace the function French fulfills.
Furthermore, Rwanda is probably not the best example as the vanguard for the switch from French to English. Rwanda is unique that it’s a small, relatively homogeneous (linguistically, there is no difference between Hutu and Tutsi) country that currently has stronger ties to Kenya/Uganda/Tanzania due to the Tutsi refugees that left in the 1960s and returned from those countries. Moreover, France provided a lot of support to the genocidal government in 1994, leading to an enormous strain between the current government and France. Further, due to tension between Rwanda and the DRC over the issue of alleged génocidaires in the DRC, business links have weakened compared to pre-1994. That’s why English is ascending in primacy in Rwanda, as opposed to even its otherwise similar neighbor of Burundi.
Elsewhere in Africa, French in West Africa is as strong as ever, with many neighbors who are Francophone: Senegal, Guinea, Cote d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, Benin, Cameroon, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Chad, etc. I posit that while the Francophonie may be receding in the rest of the world, it’s probably held steady, if not grown, in West Africa.
I agree with all the comments above in regard to French. I might add as well that Portuguese is NOT in decline in Africa either, but is growing as well.
Portuguese has the highest growth potential as an international language in South America and Africa. If you consider that by 2050, Africa alone stands to represent 83 million Portuguese speakers and South America a further 252 million, this seems highly plausible.
It’s true that French is declining in Africa and possibly other parts, mostly being replaced by english.
best dry dog food
I studeied french in school
ansel adams prints
Yes, I had the same experiences when travelling in Africa. I was quite surprised when the article stated that the language was in decline on the continent, I have basically read the opposite everywhere else. Even in North Africa, according to my North African colleauges, it is more important in everyday life there than ever.
It seems like the author is being pretty selective with the facts he is using to draw this conclusion. I mean, I’m Canadian, and while the number of “native” French speakers is down as a percentage, the number of us Anglos who can speak it is higher than ever. While it might be declining in some areas of the world, I believe that much like Spanish and Portugeuse, it has enough of a critical mass of speakers in order to continue its growth.
Note: I just noticed that the author said Portugeuse was declining in Africa as well….That is simply not the case, Portugeuse is more entrenched in its former colonies than any other language on the continent. Coupled with the growth of Brazil, it is very improbable that the language will disappear.
It would help if the Académie Française simplified the orthography of the language, French would be more popular.
Dave Barnes
+1.303.744.9024
This article is so loaded with false information, bogus theories and slanted assumptions that we decided to write a point-by-point rebuttal. (We also invite Mr. Girod to read our book The Story of French, which he will find instructive.)
1.English speakers are right to be proud of the global success of their language, but that success does is not coming at the expense of other international languages, including French. Languages are not a zero-sum game. The progression of English as a second language does not meant anyone unlearns his or her mother tongue.
2.More people now speak French than any time in history. A conservative estimate is about 220 million people. This number has tripled since World War II and is still progressing. After English, French is the world’s most international and globalized language. Only one third of its speakers are native to the language – about 80-85 million. All the others learn it at school. In that respect, there has been no cataclysmic collapse of French. The number of native speakers is growing at roughly the same rate as English speakers (we cite British linguist David Graddol on this). In the 15 years that we researched the topic, estimates of the number of French speakers in the world have increased from 175 to 220 million.
3.The number of people who are learning French is impressive in comparison to any language except English. If you exclude the countries where French is a native language, there are roughly 110 million people learning French every year. A quarter of the second language teachers in the world teach French. We are presently researching our next book, on Spanish, and can assure you that the statistics on the teaching of Spanish, while good, pale in comparison to those of French.
4.Mr. Gidol links the geographic spread of the francophonie to the supposed decline of French, but his simplistic conclusion is false. Links between francophone regions have increased steadily in the last 40 to 50 years through the multiplication of networks, associations and information media. Examples: Vietnamese agronomists are helping Senegal improve rice production techniques. New-Brunswick jurists, who master Common law in the French language, were involved in the writing of Mauritius’ constitution. Veterinarians from Algeria follow closely the work of their colleagues of Quebec, who export their expertise in artificial insemination. This global networking is partly the result of the work of an international organization called the Agence universitaire de la Francophonie which links 750 institutions of high learning in 80 countries – the most represented being France, Canada, Algeria and Vietnam. There are many hundreds of other associations that network francophone world-wide.
5. Mr. Gidol theory that French is declining in Africa flies in the fact of facts. Exactly the opposite is happening: Kinshasa is becoming the largest French-speaking city in the world – ahead of Paris. While it is true that English (and Mandarin) are making inroads in French-speaking countries, people who learn these languages do so after being educated in French. French is essential for obtaining everything from a drivers license to a university degree. French is so important in Africa that Nigeria has made it mandatory as a second language. In Algeria, after decades of failed attempts to Arabicize the education system, the government has reintroduced French. (As to “Zaire”, Mr. Gidol should take note that it has been called The Democratic Reputlic of Congo since 1997). As to the case of Rwanda, it is true that president Kagame declared English the official language, but this was a political gesture and it is far from certain that the policy will succeed anymore than similar policies did in the past in Madagascar or Algeria.
6.In the Far East, specifically Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, there are twice as many people learning French as during colonial times. French teaching is making similar progress in Thailand, despite student protests.
7. In the Middle East, French universities, colleges and high school are doing very well. Like in the case of African elite, it is not because francophone Lebanese learn English that they unlearn French.
8.In the United States, with the exception of Spanish, the teaching of all languages declined between 1990 and 1995 – not just French. Most other languages declined more than French, whose numbers have, on the whole, been stable over 50 years. In fact, after Spanish, more Americans study French (1,5 million) than the next five languages on the list combined.
9.In Canada, the number of French speakers is not falling at all. It is true that their proportion has declined, mostly due to immigration. On the other hand, 325 000 students, or about 10% of English language students in the country, are enrolled in full French immersion programs. The number of French students enrolling in English outside of Quebec is not rising sharply. In fact, the 632 French schools outside of Quebec are so popular they have to refuse a lot of non-Francophone candidates.
10. There is no debating that European elites are more inclined to learning English than French as a second language, especially in Eastern Europe. Still, more people speak French in Europe today than anytime in its history. Two centuries ago when French was the “universal language” of Europe, no more than 25% of the population of France actually spoke French. Likewise, when French was the universal language of the elites, only about 5% of the population of Europe was educated. In short, when French was prestigious, relatively few spoke it. Today, 20% of 500 million educated Europeans speak French. (Mr. Gidol should take note: from a historical perspective, the prestige and popularity of a language alone do not explain increases in native speakers).
11. According to some utterly incomprehensible reasoning, Mr. Gidol cites, as evidence of the decline of French, the fact that New York’s Metropolitan Opera refused Canadian singer Rufus Wainwright’s French-language libretto, “because he wouldn’t translate it into English.” The only thing this shows is how stubbornly attached Wainwright is to French (he was raised in English). For that matter, many of today’s renowned “francophone” express themselves in French even though they don’t speak French as a mother tongue. In the last 25 years, the prestigious literary prize the Goncourt was attributed to five authors who did not speak French as a mother tongue, the last two winners being an American and an Afghan. Moreover, in the United States, French films represent 50% of all foreign films viewed by Americans, and 30% of books translated. Half of the foreign language books translated by US publishing house were discovered and first translated by French publishers– the most famous case being Stieg Larsson’s Millennium series.
12. The present budget of La Francophonie is about 7 times the six million euros Mr. Gidol claims it is. To this should be added the budgets of two other very effective agencies of cultural diplomacy: Agence universitaire francophone, which links 750 universities worldwide, and TV5-Monde, the world’s most widely distributed TV channel after CNN and MTV.
13. The 150 million dollars attributed to the British Council pale in comparison to the billion dollars that the French spend each year in cultural diplomacy through the Alliances françaises, the French Institutes (equivalent of the British council), the Missions laiques françaises, the Alliance israélite universelle, France 24 and dozens of institutions responsible for promoting film, books and other forms of art.
Mr. Gidol evokes Darwinian theory, of all things, to conclude that the survival of the French language is at stake. It’s a pretty silly conclusion to an article piling up false evidence to support a baseless assumption.
Yours truly,
Jean-Benoit Nadeau,
Julie Barlow,
authors of The Story of French
I think people should respect their Language and Culture if they really want to be a World Power. In India also one needs to know English to get a job. I mean why can’t we people speak in our local language instead of learning some foreign language.
We all can take examples of countries in Latin America and China, They have a huge power and respect their culture and Language(Spanish and Mandarian).
Simson.
Felicitaciones De Cumpleaños
The author has made a few points based on a few examples concluding French language is in “decline” and English is “growing” as “universal” language.
For a long time in India, English has been used as a communication medium particularly in job, formal environment or for written communication.
People in China, Japan can well understand a written material in English but try to communicate with them – there will be a blank.
Written English usage is high in India, all invoices, letters, instruction and other communication are in English but that is where it ends. English becomes useless for low end work – that is where local language becomes very important.
Also in India there are many languages, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Kannada etc. English become important link language just for basic communication purpose in South Indian states.
The biggest problem with English is there is no standard language. USA or Britain is supposed to be speaking English language, but hardly US or Britain educated people know the meaning of lakhs, crores, prepone, autos, tiffin, military hotel and several thousand other words and they claim it is not English. The mathematical term “into” means multiply for alteast 25% of the planet (South Asia) whereas in USA they think it is divide and hence think the term is wrongly used.
English is too vast than what the so-called “English-speakers” know – If English was really universal, an American could be able to communicate very easily with English speaker in India, the reality is that English used in America or Britain is only only form of the language as it is used. Today, strictness of grammar and spellings in English is not so relevant due to advent usage of English as written communication tool – especially with advent of cell phone SMS and email.
The reality is that Britain/USA people are hardest to communicate orally with just because their “English” language and the way it is spoken is different. Same is vice-versa.
On other hand, French or other international language does not have this problem of widely misunderstood variations.
So conclusion should be yes, English is universal language more as written language or in formal environment like MNC jobs, use with strangers, getting acquaintance with place or person. But that is where it ends.
French language has rented hundreds of lexis from Latin and ended it its possess, compare the words of the two different languages is always interesting. http://www.qoutz.com/french-quotes
In any Darwinian model, a characteristic can become prominent, or it can be driven out of existence. Use of the baterie do e-papierosa French language has been globally dispersed, and French clearomizer mt3 culture is without historical significance in many of its colonies. These are not the characteristics that increase a language’s mody do e-papierosów chances of survival.
french is one the sweetest language of the when poeples speak french they look very cute and also french is one the amjor language is francehttp://www.mazapoint.com/category/french-quotes
It’s true that French is declining in Africa and possibly other parts, mostly being replaced by English.
http://www.4insure.us/
I’m not going to lie, I’m really impressed. Great post, just what i was looking for and i am looking forward to reading your other posts soon! I recently identified your own post and still have been recently studying along.I like this topics very much.I search for this many days.Please let me know when you update your topics.I will wait for your update.Thank you – Mobile Detailing Sydney
Great Post. I have not been visiting the site recently. Took a visit again and there were some great comments on the site. Excellent post. Keep up the good work.Pakistani forum
I genuinely enjoyed reading it, you’re a great author.I will ensure that I bookmark your blog and definitely will come back later on. I want to encourage yourself to continue your great job, have a nice morning.
Free Cell phone spyware
Je suis trop fatigué pour poster des commentaires la serieux coque iphone
Sant Ritz is a new and upcoming residence in the Potong Pasir place, within a brief generate to Little Local regional native indian regional, Orchard and town place. With predicted success in mid 2016, Sant Ritz contains 3 techniques with 214 styles and seems to be 12 storeys great. Future individuals will be able generally walking to the current Potong Pasir MRT. With such a brief generate to the town place as well as the orchard and bugis place. Entertainment in Sant Ritz for your really like ones will come at a stone’s toss away
Urban Vista is also near top stage educational institutions such as Anglican Great School, St. Anthony’s Canossian Primary& Extra School and Temasek Young College. Tampines Young College, Temasek Polytechnic and World College (East Campus) is also around in the place.
For automobile entrepreneurs, it needs less than 25 moments to produce to the business hub and awesome Orchard Street buying place, via Pan-Island Expressway (PIE) and The Coast Expressway (ECP).
A awesome and exclusive way of lifestyle is awaiting you.
Please see Urban Vista venture information and ground applications for more information.
Hillion Residences with the nature reserve at Bt.Timah, Bt.Panjang’s latest development at along Petir Road will be an exciting location for residents to work, play and live.
Near to the expressways – BKE, PIE & KJE.
I truly experienced studying it, you’re an excellent writer.I will make sure that I save your website and definitely will come back later on. I want to motivate yourself to continue your excellent job, have a awesome day. all best serials
DUO residences is designed by world renowned architect Ole Sheeren .Mixed development by Singapore Temasek & Malaysia Khazanah . Connected by Bugis MRT and new Downtown line
I tend to side with the author of The Story of French – their arguments appeal to logic more and are grounded in facts, which is not always the case in the article. French is clearly doing well and globalization of languages is doing good to many other languages other than English @ tu and mBank vs Alior Sync
PS. I really think there hasn’t been a better time for foregin languages and lingustic exchange.
living in france is good. However, you may wish to check out topiary EC at http://topiarysg.com
The calamitous decline in French seems irreversible, even to the French. In 2008, the budget of La Francophonie, the governing body of the French language, was six million euros; in contrast, the British Council announced it would spend 150 million euros in efforts to advance English.
game salon
I have not been visiting this site lately. Was here the last few days and didnt left a comment. I check back again and found more great insights both from you and the guest comments as well. Excellent Post. Keep up the good work! I have bookmarked this site 🙂
Hillview Peak
Visit this site If you have a blog at its beginning, do not publish statistics and various numbers of traffic to your blog. Visit this site Who would be interested that you have 300 visitors per month? In relation to displaying the number of your feed readers it is the same story. Visit this site It’s late finding this act. At least, it’s a best thing to be familiar with that there are such events exist. Visit this site You completed certain reliable points there. I did a search on the subject and found nearly all persons will agree with your blog. Visit this site I was guessing if You Could write a little more on this subject? I’d be very grateful if You Could elaborate a little bit more. Visit this site I am glad to found such useful post. I really increased my knowledge after read your post which will be beneficial for me.
best links builders | what is social bookmarking in seo | are web directories good seo
Standard Slots could constantly be around and there is almost no that you can do with the aforementioned. Then we take a venture up to the more propelled Video Slots. These diversions incorporated diffuse images, wild images, unlimited rotations and reward adjusts. The aforementioned spaces quite electrified the players when they hit the scene and ended up being substantially accessible, immediately drawing in a colossal fan base.
A reliable informative post that you have shared and thankful your work for sharing the information. More Information Got some appealing information and would like to provide it a try. More InformationApplaud your work and keep sharing your information. More Information You actually make it seem so easy with your performance but I find this matter to be actually something which I think I would never appreciate. More Information It seems too complicated and extremely broad for me. I’m looking forward for your next post, More Information I’ll try to get the hang of it! More Information
Belgravia Villas is near to many good schools like rosyth primary and xinmin primary. It is also near to anderson junior college just few bus stops away. CTE is just nearby so reaching town within 20 mins is not a problem.
Coastal areas are crowded and becoming more so every day. More than 139 million people–about 53% of the national total–reside along the narrow coastal fringes backlinks
With the information that is given free play in the book of ra kostenlos spielen: artswebdirectory With the information that is given free play in the book of ra, autosmobiledirectory players should always remember that it is a game of chance and no target can be guaranteed success. bookswebdirectory Whether the physical slot machine cash machine or online version of the game used, businesswebsdirectory accounts for little. A random effect for those game mechanics. communicationswebdirectory Set symbols are therefore determined mechanically. This random ignores how many bills the player has designed in the previous rounds. computerswebdirectory running games.
vip kasino | betsson casino24 | boni casinos You actually make it appear so easy with your performance but I find this affair to be actually something which I think I would never comprehend. It seems too complex and extremely broad for me A reliable blog always comes-up with new and exciting information and while reading I have feel that this blog is really have all those quality that characterize a blog to be a best oneThis is excellent post. Its having good description regarding this topic. It is informative and helpful.I have known many information from this. Thanks for shearing Pretty great post !! That’s a great thinking for the tips on travel for tourist consciousness person.
Great Post. I have not been visiting the site recently. Took a visit again and there were some great comments on the site. Excellent post. Keep up the good work.
Belgravia Villas
london-seomediaplan | london-seointernetplan | india-seowordpressdesigns A good informative post that you have shared and thankful your work for sharing the information. Got some appealing information and would like to give it a try. Applaud your work and keep sharing your information.Really impressed! Everything is very open and very clear clarification of issues. It contains truly facts. Your website is very valuable. Thanks for sharing.Really impressed! Everything is very open and very clear clarification of issues. It contains truly facts. Your website is very valuable. Thanks for sharing.Really impressed! Everything is very open and very clear clarification of issues. It contains truly facts. Your website is very valuable. Thanks for sharing.
seopanda-tricks I was so lucky to visit this site I really want to recommend this to everyone cause there no doubt about its content I really love this one thanks for sharing this!I hope that I can see new interesting topics I am looking forward to that Creating an unfunded PhD tier could have dire consequences for the accessibility and diversity of the graduate school, never mind the collegial atmosphere within and between departments. I really loved reading your blog. It was very well authored and easy to understand. I am happy to find your distinguished way of writing the post. Now you make it easy for me to understand and implement the concept. Thank you for the post. panda-whitehat-seo | seoweb-designdelhi | seo-panda-tips
In this period of conversion all is adapted by its wish. oneway-linking-service Gambling joint is supportive the positive. page-rank-backlinks sort of staking through tests and as of now people in general. social-bookmarkings venerate having some good times from each sort of staking. social-bookmarkingservices Through the instant the wishes of diversion minding popular are adjusted dependent. buyback-links on their brand new set-up. Book of ra connected is sizzling smoking connected. games-web-dir and it draws in the gamers all through the globe.
In Algeria, after the Algerian War, French was mostly expunged. Its decline has continued, including the recent closure of French schools, as Arabic and English become the standard. memory foam pillows
brainy seo | seorant | my seoanswers Really impressed! Everything is very open and very clear clarification of issues. It contains truly facts. Your website is very valuable. Thanks for sharing.It’s late finding this act. At least, it’s a thing to be familiar with that there are such events exist.I agree with your Blog and I will be back to inspect it more in the future so please keep up your act.This post is very simple to read and appreciate without leaving any details out. Great work! You completed certain reliable points there. I did a search on the subject and found nearly all persons will agree with your blog.
Herbal Orimarru At least, it’s a thing to be familiar with that there are such events exist.I agree with your Blog and I will be back to inspect it more in the future so please keep up your act.This post is very simple to read and appreciate without leaving any details out. Great work! You completed certain reliable points there. I did a search on the subject and found nearly all persons will agree with your blog.
A good blog always comes-up with new and exciting information and while reading I have feel that this blog is really have all those quality that qualify a blog to be a one.I have express a few of the articles on your website now, and I really like your style of blogging. how2-seobacklinks | seo-afterpanda | how2-backlinkseo | link-building-techniques | good-link-building | linkbuilding2013
high prlink builders
back link service
backlinks seo
buy backlinks
high-page-rank-link
onewaylinks-building
Worse yet, however, many no longer see it as a tool at all, but rather as an entity unto itself, controlling them but uncontrollable.
i like this article. super theory about our language. its very informative.
kindle fire review
Happy to see your blog as it is just what I’ve looking for and excited to read all the posts.I am very much interested on this topic. I want to visit the site for other interesting topics. It really helps when reading your material insisted on the matter you have highlighted. Fine tunning the concept you discussed will surely bring new opportunities in this area of interest and brings will result something positive. I appreciate your efforts of taking notice of above discussed matter.Thank you for sharing the experience along. I’m glad to read it. panda seologix | ecommerce-webdesignindia | panda-goodbacklinks
usergate school each sample in the casinos once slot machines tricks Book of Ra himself. txnheducation logo The registration process is always free of charge and the bonus payment also. stillnota sleep Another chance to get to a bonus payment remittance of money to his player account is where the casinos then something else the bonus pay extra just lying more often at two hundred percent. rocale global The chance of such a bonus, you should not be taking, because this is about a lot of money. iwishthis-appwould These bonus payments can then employ these days everyone in the casinos with the free choice of machines to be sufficient, because there are no shortage of free machines. buck leuwa Almost always new games come on the market and more often they are used by most casinos will also be offered free of charge to play.
This post gives truly quality information. Thanks for giving us such a great update about next football stat we all are so worried that what decision management take, but we all hoping for best. jasa pembuatan logo | kaos distro
It contains truly facts. Your website is very beneficial. seo-web-studio Thanks for sharing.It’s late finding this thing. At least, it’s a thing to be familiar with that there are such events exist. wp-design-services I admit with your Blog and I will be back to examine it more in the future so please keep up your work. delhi-seo-consultancy This post is very simple to express and understand without leaving any details out.
The problem of languages is undoubtedly very important. I sometimes write product reviews, want to read?
Zojirushi NS-ZCC10
Why The Cuisinart TOB-155 Oven Toast Boiler is The Best for You
Breville BOV650XL Reviews
Why You Should Buy The Breville BCG800XL Coffee Maker
VIZIO E701i-A3 Review
That is certainly sincerely useful. http://www.thesarkarinaukri.net I would like to be able to question in the event it might be Okay plainly mentioned most of which by myself website. http://www.thefreshersworld.net Thanks a lot for your article, We wanted this article for a long time. http://www.itjobsdelhi.net/ And today still find it quite concretely. http://www.theplacementpapers.com I’ve been looking for this sort of info, therefore thanks for your article. http://www.usajobstoday.us We consent it probably requires a bit of tweaking although I’ve got some good experience today about what I need to complete along with a few customisation.
What i do not realize is if truth be told how you’re now not really a lot more neatly-liked than you may be right now.judi bola You are so intelligent. You know therefore significantly with regards to this matter, produced me individually consider it from numerous numerous angles. Its like men and women aren’t fascinated unless it is something to accomplish with Girl gaga! Your own stuffs outstanding. Always handle it up!
Bu http://www.oynayalim.net ve http://www.oyunoynayalim.com oyun ile ilgili sitelerde sizleri en kral oyunlar bekliyor.
Sembawang EC is located strategically at Sembawang Crescent and Sembawang Drive. It is just 7 min walk to Sembawang MRT and Sun Plaza. A truly unique lifestyle awaits you.
home-improvement-article-directory That is, in fact, the deadliest legacy of No Child Left Behind – that we are raising generations of citizens incapable of independent thought.
He claims to have bodyboarded down the whole river, but knowing how much of a selfpromotor he is I think he might be lying.. Is it even possible. http://www.delhiwebsitedesigningbusiness.com I am working – music, news, and at the end of the day the music of the seraglio. This is a noble music from the time of the pashas.
http://www.themultiplayeronlinegames.com It has been reinforced for an extensive timeframe that idle nature of bingo is an illustration for real concern. Players who play bingo through the joined bingo presents are pronounced on be more slanted to expansion weight and development a practically less anxious lifestyle owing to the hours utilized behind seating while playing bingo. Gave that this time may have been utilized within movements or doing something strenuous, they might have been provided to improve health instead of prevent it.
http://www.traveltrips.co Before you search the information in the internet, you need to think what your need for the holiday is. Do you want budget holiday? Or do you want holiday with high standard of accommodation? Per the information provided, you can then select and use the camping holiday smartly.
rapandflowIn it you can revel in Ancient Egyptian subject from the time of the Pyramids and Tutankhamuntheme and incredible player compensates accessible, by its diverse topic it progress exceptionally much notoriety.
You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this topic to be really something which I think I would never understand. It seems too complicated and very broad for me. I am looking forward for your next post. http://free365betnews.com
Awesome article. Thomson View Condo has also attracted the attention of many. Launching this year, it will be one of the most sought after projects. With almost 1000 units, many home seekers will not be disappointed.
Definitely believe that which you stated. Your favorite reason appeared to be on the net the easiest thing to be aware of. I say to you, I certainly get annoyed while people think about worries that they just do not know about. You managed to hit the nail upon the top as well as defined out the whole thing without having side-effects , people can take a signal. Will probably be back to get more. Thanks
Posilovaci činky
Great content is supplying within this blog that to this post is very useful for me personally. I’m really very useful for me personally and also the nice technologies are visible for me personally and also the ideal for this site. It had been enjoy this site and also the nice impression is seen within this blog.
| http://goo.gl/Kp43R | http://goo.gl/6tjUi | http://goo.gl/J2ERn | http://goo.gl/5ksqV |
Great info. Awesome! Be back for more
Raise your glasses and sip your wine in the Sky Park EC infinity pool. Indulge in it now.
J Gateway is a new and upcoming condominium located in Boon Lay Way, Jurong East area. It is located right beside JCube, and the upcoming Westgate and Jem. With expected completion in mid 2016, it comprises of 4 towers with 783 units and stands 38 storeys tall.
J Gateway
Thanks for writing such a good article, I stumbled onto your blog and read a few post. I like your style of writing…
Judi Bola Online, Agen IBCBET, Agen Bola Ligabet88 Promo Bonus 100% IBCBET SBOBET 368BET